Sugar Mills With No Remains Left
Bello Sitio - Rio Piedras (1875-1891) Was owned by Gerónimo Landrau Malaret (1819-1904). In May 1891, with the end of the crop season approaching, the first recorded worker's strike in Puerto Rico took place at Central Bello Sitio when laborers demanded higher wages. The strike resulted in the closure of operations. Subsequently, its machinery was sold to Adolfo Veve Feraud and installed ca. 1900 at his Hacienda Monserrate in Rio Grande which had been closed and in ruins according to Ferreras Pagán.
Camuy - Camuy (1912-1913) See Central Riollano
Constancia - Ponce (1910-1954) Central Constancia, located in the general area south oh PR-52 where Urb. Villa del Carmen is located today, evolved from the agricultural partnership established in 1881 to operate Hacienda Estrella by Spanish immigrants Félix Saurí Vivas (1852-1915) and Asisclo Subirá Ramirez de Arellano (1849-1914). The sugar mill, known at inception as Central Estrella, was owned by Saurí & Subirá & Co., a corporation formed by the heirs of Félix and Asisclo, one of whom was Rafael Saurí Tristani (1881-1952) son of Félix. It owned most of the land used for growing sugarcane making it practically independent of cane purchased from colonos. The November 30, 1917 edition of the The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer states: "The advent of the first mill making white sugar direct in Porto Rico marks a new era in the industry in the island. It was put in at Central Constancia at Ponce. Sauri & Subira, the owners, have been making sugar for direct local consumption for years and have been putting out a sugar somewhat whiter and purer than the ordinary raws, but now this white sugar made so by sulfur, lime and filtration processes marks a great era of advancement. The installation cost $250,000 and the sugar cane capacity of the plant will be 250 tons daily." The machinery was manufactured by Krajewski Pesant Corp., Inc. who had built the manufacturing plants at Central Vannina and Central Lafayette.
Defensa - Caguas (1920-1939) See Hacienda San José. The October 20, 1920 edition of the El Mundo newspaper has an article that states "around Caguas, within the first kilometer of the road on the left hand side going from this city to San Juan, construction is advancing with amazing speed the machinery and structures of the sugar mill named Central Defensa". The article states its president was Juan Jiménez García and directors Pablo J. Héreter, Harrison Johnson, José B. Méndez and Cipriano Manrique. Administrator was Antonio Fraticelli who for the prior five years had been the administrator at Central Corsica in Rincón.
El Ejemplo - Humacao (1898-1962) Was located in Barrio Mariana about six miles from the Port of Humacao. El Ejemplo beginnings date to 1896 when Antonio Roig Torrellas (1851-1933) acquired twelve cuerdas and a steam mill segregated from the one thousand eight hundred seventy eight cuerdas Hacienda Providencia owned by Rudolfo Leoncio Perez. In 1898 Roig installed machinery acquired from the Pioneer Iron Works in NY elevating it to a central sugar mill. Financing for the purchase was provided by Fritze, Lundt & Co. for whom Roig had worked in Mayagüez where his father established the family after immigrating from Catalonia, Spain. In its beginning, Central El Ejemplo started without land of its own, processing sugar cane grown by colonos. Its main colono was Perez himself, who agreed to grow 400 acres of sugarcane to be processed at El Ejemplo. Perez also agreed to allow railroad tracks to be laid on his land for the use of the sugar mill. The Cia. Azucarera El Ejemplo was incorporated July 17, 1909 by which time Roig owned approximately 12,500 acres and leased some 5,000 additional acres to grow sugarcane for this mill. By 1935, almost all sugar cane processed here was grown on lands of the Roig family. Its machinery was sold in 1965 to the South Florida Sugar Co. Antonio Roig Torrellas was also instrumental in the development of Central Juncos.
Ingenio - Yabucoa (1891-1903) By 1864, the 300 hectares Hacienda Ingenio was owned by Spanish immigrant brothers from San Feliu de Guixols, Juan ( -1881) and Domingo Anglada Carreras. In the early 1870s Juan returned to live in Spain leaving the administration to his son José Rafael Anglada Rivera (1858-1898) who did so until his death. In 1898 Hacienda Ingenio was acquired by Manuel Argüeso Flores (1866- ) and his wife Ernestina Frias Noya. It had 1,200 acres of its own and processed sugarcane from several colonos in the area. In 1903 Mullenhoff & Korber instituted foreclosure proceeding for unpaid debt and crop financing contracts totaling some $88,000 which legal case bacame very bitter, hostile and complicated. On December 9, 1904 title to Central Ingenio and its lands was awarded at public auction to Mullenhoff & Korber. On July 6, 1905 title to the lands except for a tract retained by Mullenhoff & Korber in satisfaction of their lien, was reverted back to Agüeso's brother in law, Atty. Salvador Fulladosa Mir. The transfer to Fulladosa Mir was made according to an agreement between Mullenhoff & Korber and Argüeso, calling for a cash payment of $13,250 by Mullenhoff & Korber to Argüeso and intended to erase a $40,000 second mortgage held by Juan Bertran Casañas and other junior lien holders. The case Juan Bertran y Casañas Et Al v Mullenhoff & Korber Et Al decided by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico in 1908 clearly details the events surrounding the foreclosure and subsequent title transfers.
Esperanza - Arecibo (1898- ) Not much information is available on this sugar mill except that it was at one time owned by Bernardo Huicy who in 1902 was administrator of Central Las Claras.
Fortuna - Rio Grande (1892-1909) Its original owners when it was just a blood driven mill were brothers Avelino (1828-1885) and Félix Rexach Porrata Doria who sold the property to Eugenio Benitez Guzmán ca. 1867. Benitez Guzmán sold it to Modesta Román who in turn sold it to Alfredo Cristy Vanell (1835-1932) in 1892. Under Benitez Guzmán ownership, a steam driven mill was installed but shortly thereafter the sugar factory was closed and its equipment sold to and installed at Hacienda Carmelita. When Cristy acquired the property he installed a mill, boilers, vacuum pans, centrifugals and other equipment from Hacienda Santísima Trinidad of his property in Mayagüez which had shut down due to an epidemic that affected sugarcane in the area. In 1899 Manuel Gonzalez leased and operated the sugar factory.
Juanita - Bayamón (1895-1963) Its origin dates back to 1890 when Spanish immigrant from Palma de Mallorca Antonio Monroig Oliver established a factory to produce molasses and muscovado sugar. In 1895 the factory building was expanded and new vacuum pans, centrifugals and boilers were installed elevating it to a central sugar mill. It had a modern 750 Kw Westinghouse turbine to drive all the machinery except the mill which was steam driven. After Antonio's death on April 20, 1903, it was owned by the firm Antonio Monroig e Hijos consisting of his wife Josefa Obrador Vilá and their children Juan, Antonio, Valentin and Maria Monroig Obrador. In 1911 it was acquired by Central Juanita, Inc. whose main shareholder was the Fonalleda family. An April 7, 1933 letterhead shows Jeronimo Fonalleda as president, Rafael Arrieta as Vice President and Treasurer and Gerardo Fonalleda as Secretary. In 1937 the main shareholders of Central Juanita, Inc. were Jaime and Guillermo Fonalledas, Rafael Arrieta and Dr. José Antonio Lopez Antongiorgi (1881- ) who was married to Juanita Monroig. It was located west of the road to Cataño and east of the Bayamón River 1 km more or less from the train station. The Bayamón River crossed its eight hundred acres from south to north which river was used to transport sugarcane from the fields to a dock near the factory.
Juliana aka Herminia - Villalba (1919-1948) The Louisian Planter and Sugar Manufacturer Volume 44 No. 23 of June 4, 1910 states; "Latest advices proclaim that the incorporation of the new Central of Villalba has been effected, the organizers and the principal shareholders being such well known sugarmen as the Sres. Verjas (sic), Serrallés, Astol, Oppenheimer, Claussells, Marvin and Fabián." It appears this venture never materialized as it is widely accepted that Walter McK Jones (1883-1944), a native of Boston and founder and first Mayor of the town of Villalba, established Central Juliana in 1919. In 1940 the sugar mill was acquired by Angel Francisco Semidey Semidey who changed the name to Herminia. Its last known owner was Herminia Colón vda. Semidey (1874- ), the widow of Angel Francisco and the mother of José (1900- ) and Santos (1899-1972) Semidey Colón who per the 1940 Census were the administrators of the sugar mill.
Laura - Yabucoa (1884-1901) Was owned by the firm Cintrón Hnos. comprised of Jose Facundo Cintrón Cintrón (1846-1901), Zoilo Cintrón Cintrón, Carmen Margarita Cintrón Cintrón who was married to Mariano Martorell Casalduc and Eulalia Cintrón Cintrón who was married to Aurelio Dapena Moreno the Administrator of the firm. Central Laura consisted of 491 cuerdas property of Cintrón Hnos., another adjacent 440 cuerdas known as Cercado Diamante and Dos Rios plus another 231 cuerdas known as Palmarejo and Margarita. It also had a 3 km railroad line. In 1895 Cintrón Hnos. recived a 90,000 Mexican Pesos loan from the Banco Territorial y Agricola. On May 23, 1900 due to unpaid installments on this loan and subsequent advances, Cintrón Hnos. represented by its administrator Aurelio Dapena Moreno, handed over the administration of Laura to the bank who had its sugarcane processed at Central Roig. The firm Cintron Hnos. was dissolved in 1901 and on September 30, 1902 Banco Territorial y Agricola began foreclosure proceeding on the mortgage that secured the above loans, acquiring title to the sugar mill and 491 cuerdas of land at a court ordered auction sale on March 26, 1903. This court sale was contested by the surviving heirs of Cintron Hnos. and again was awarded to the Banco Territorial y Agricola on May 19, 1906. The bank subsequently sold the property to Manuel Dueño for $100,000 who sold it to Yabucoa Sugar Co. for $213,109.51 in 1912.
La Luisa - Maunabo (1874-1883) Hacienda La Luisa was elevated to a sugar mill in 1874 when owned by Luisa Pillot who acquired it when an ingenio from Alberto I. Bentegeat y Brisard son of french immigrants Juan Bentegeat and Francisca Magdalena Brizard Chauliac. Luisa was married to Louis François Boyrie (1843- ) the son of Eugene Boyrie and nephew of Marie Félicie Boyrie (1806-1881) who married Benjamin Clauzel (1794-1866). He was the first cousin once removed of Emma Lepelleux Boyrie the wife of Juan Francisco Vergés and second cousin of Eugene Marcelin Vergés Lepelleux. The Clauzell and Vergés families were all related to Central Columbia in Maunabo. By 1883 the ingenio had ceased operations due to Cail & Co. foreclosure on unpaid machinery financing of approximately $64,000. The machinery was removed and sold to Eugene Marcelín Vergés Lepelleux later of Central Columbia. After this failed venture, Louis Francois Boyrie left for the Dominican Republic where he was involved in the management of Ingenio La Francia that was established that same year. On November 4, 1886 the Court ordered the sale at public auction of the remaining assets valued at $9,988 including Hacienda Oriente, also known as Hacienda La Luisa in Barrio Talante of Maunabo consisting of 190 cuerdas and several structures in poor condition including a deteriorated sugar processing plant and two chimneys.
Maria - Rio Grande (1892-1901) Was established ca. 1866 by Spanish immigrant Antonio Zechini ( -1891) as a hacienda with an oxen driven mill. A year after his death, it passed on to his estate represented by Antonio Zechini Veve (1862- ) who installed a steam driven mill and a vacuum pan elevating it to a central sugar mill. Zechini Veve was the son of Eulalia Clestina Veve Feraud (1830-1900), sister of Miguel Antonio Veve Feraud owner of Ingenio Concepción in Ceiba and was married to Josefa Benitez Calzada (1870-1936) daughter of José Eugenio Benitez Guzmán owner of Central Playa Grande in Vieques. Hacienda Maria consisted of 1,200 acres of its own of which 400 were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about ½ km north of town and the Espiritu Santo River crossed its lands. After its closure, its sugarcane was processed at Central Canóvanas.
Monte Grande - Arecibo (1887- ) Originally it was a "trapiche" known as Hacienda Monte Grande owned Juan Manuel Tejada who died in 1856 victim of the cholera epidemic that affected the island. José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico states that Hacienda Monte Grande was established in 1836 and since 1874 was managed by the Sucn. Tejada. It was upgraded in 1887 to a central sugar mill when it consisted of nine hundred seventy five cuerdas of which five hundred were used to grow sugarcane employing some two hundred fifty people. It was located some 3 km southeast of Arecibo, about ⅔ miles southeast of Hacienda Santa Barbara, and ½ mile northeast of Central Cambalache near the road to Manatí. It used waters from the Caño Tiburones. Ferreras Pagán states that Sucn. Tejada representative was Manuel Ortiz. Manuel Ortiz referred to by Ferreras Pagán was Manuel Ortiz Tejada, grandson of Juan Manuel Tejada and son of Spanish immigrant Manuel Ortiz Latorre ( -1858) and Tejada's daughter Josefita Tejada. The date of 1836 stated by Ferreras Pagán is verified in the document that reports the findings of the government visit to several haciendas in Arecibo to verify the way they treated slaves. This document includes a visit to Hacienda San Juan Bautista de Monte Grande property of Juan Manuel Tejada and mentions his son Andrés Tejada. The Slave Register of 1872 shows a number of slaves whose owner was Sucesión Tejada.
Pasto Viejo - Humacao (1907-1958) Was located on the banks of the Antón Ruiz River. Although its first milling season appears to be 1907, it was first organized under the name Humacao Sugar Co. by Cuban born William L. Bass also owner of Ingenio Consuelo in San Pedro de Macoris in the Dominican Republic. On May 16, 1907 the Puerto Rico Sugar Co. was incorporated to acquire Pasto Viejo from the Humacao Sugar Co., being its first Board of Directors comprised of Eduardo Georgetti, President; Luis Rubert, Vicepresident; Abelardo de la Haba, Secretary; José Ruiz Sóler, Assistant Secretary; Gerónimo Vallecillo, Treasurer; Rafael Balseiro, Assistant Treasurer; Jose Toro Rios and Carlos Armstrong Toro, Directors. Other notable shareholders were Juan Carlos McCormick, Rafael Fabián, Luis Toro Pasarell and Ramon Aboy Benitez, US investors H. C. Guiler, George T. Parker and Moses A. Walker and German capitalist Waldemar Hepp. In early 1910 because of financial difficulties, the assets of the Puerto Rico Sugar Co. were acquired for $925,000 by Borinquen Sugar Co. whose majority shareholders were Rafael Fabián and Juan Carlos McCormick. Borinquen Sugar Co. struggled every year of its existence and in 1912 Hernand Behn was appointed receiver by the Court. In 1914 while under receivership, a group known as the Federal Syndicate of Humacao rented and operated the sugar mill for the 1915 grinding season which was Pasto Viejo's first successful season. In June 1915 members of the syndicate organized Central Pasto Viejo, Inc. and purchased at public auction the assets of Borinquen Sugar Co. The person behind the syndicate's success was Engineer Ignacio Peña who had seven years experience in the US and had worked at Central Constancia in Toa Baja which was run by his uncle Francisco Arrieta. Pasto Viejo was one of the five sugar mills acquired in 1926 by the United Porto Rican Sugar Co., later Eastern Sugar Associates after United filed for bankruptcy in 1933. It was lastly owned by the Fajardo Sugar Co.
Porvenir - Adjuntas (1908-1925)
Progreso aka Central Victoria - Carolina (1887-1958) Central Progreso was located in what was the 620 acre Hacienda Aurora, owned by José Saldaña Pimentel ( -1867), later by his son Manuel Saldaña Peña (1839-1888). For some time during the US invasion of Puerto Rico, Francisco Oller lived at Hacienda Aurora and made a well known painting of it in exhibit at the Museo de Arte de Ponce. The sugar mill was built in 1887 on fifteen acres sold by Manuel Saldaña to Lamb & Co., a British firm with offices in St. Thomas. Crosas & Finlay managed it until 1888 when The Puerto Rico Sugar Factory Ltd., whose main shareholders were Lorenzo D. Armstrong of the NY commercial banking firm L. W. & P. Armstrong and British citizen Frederick Barnes took control of Progreso. By 1900 it was owned by Mayrn, Armstrong and Finlay Bros. & Waymouth and its General Manager was Enrique Van Rhyn. In 1910 the Compañia Azucarera de la Carolina owned by Sobrinos de Ezquiaga bought the central from Finlay Bros. The new owners added lighting and built new offices with electricity and in 1912 installed the mill, centrifugals, crystallizers and a large Stirling boiler from the recently closed Central Buena Vista. In September 1919, brothers Buenaventura and Luis Rubert Catalá, J. D. Riera, Eduardo Georgetti, Enrique J. Gonzalez and Abelardo de la Haba formed a five year agricultural and industrial partnership under the name Central Victoria, Ltd. A transfer was made to the partnership of the sugar factory Central Progreso and of other properties of the Compañia Azucarera de la Carolina. The partnership commenced operations under the presidency of Gonzalez. Rafael Fabián Fabián acquired interest in Victoria by purchasing part of the interest of J. D. Riera from his estate. In 1921 the court appointed a receiver due to dissent between the partners, which order was set aside by petition of E. J. Gonzalez. The chimney, which was its last remaining structure, was imploded in 2011.
Reparada - Ponce (1883-1900) This sugar mill was located in the general area where the Pontificia Universidad Catolica is today. At one time there was a "Barrio" in Ponce called Reparada which more or less comprised the area south of the railroad tracks (today Calle Ferrocarril), west of the Rio Portugués old course, north of the Bypass (PR-2) and east of PR-2R (where Paquito Montaner Stadium is). It had water rights to draw water from the Portugués River and the Canas River which ran between Hacienda La Matilde and Central Reparada. It was originally owned by Ramón Cortada Quintana (1833-1905) and was acquired in 1883 by José Gallart Forgas (1838-1898) and upon his death by the Sucn. Gallart. It has been reportedly also by Mario Mercado Montalvo owner of Central Rufina, but that fact has not been confirmed. The name Reparada was given by Gallart in honor of his mother Reparada Forgas Balló. It had one thousand one hundred acres of its own land of which eight hundred were used to grow sugarcane. In his essay The Plantations of Southern Puerto Rico 1880-1910, Andrés Ramos Mattei states that Reparada was the consolidation of the one hundred eighty seven cuerdas Hacienda Catalana which in turn had been acquired and merged around 1880 with Hacienda Quemado.
Restaurada - Ponce (1881-1901) Hacienda Restaurada was one of the first haciendas in the Ponce established in the 1700s by the Ortiz y Mathos (Matos?) family, then consisting of sixty five cuerdas and a blood driven mill located in Barrio Vayas on the east bank of the Bucaná River in the general area where Urb. Los Caobos is today. In 1825 Miguel Ortiz y Mathos son of the original owners, sold it to Spanish immigrant from Catalonia José Pica ( -1831). Upon Pica's death, the hacienda was inherited by his dauther Josefa Pica who married also Catalonian Luis Font who had arrived in Puerto Rico ca. 1830 and managed the hacienda. Despite having only sixty five cuerdas, in 1845 Font increased its sugar production making it a very efficient and successful operation. Ca. 1875 Luis Font y Pica the son of Luis and Josefa now deceased, who had inherited the then eight hundred eighty five cuerdas hacienda, sold the estate to Spanish immigrant from Vinaroz, Valencian Community, Miguel Arribas Escribano (1834-1887) and his wife Amelia Villoch Saurí ( -1884) under whose administration the hacienda was elevated to a central sugar mill in 1881. Miguel and Amelia had only one child named Hortensia Arribas Villoch (1869-1956) who upon Miguel’s death inherited the hacienda and appointed Eduardo Torres y Torres (1848- ), the son of Dionisio Torres y Figueroa as administrator. Ca. 1890 Hortensia married Barcelona born and attorney Desiderio Canals Pujadas (1867-1947). Desiderio and Hortensia lived in Barcelona so in 1892 Hortensia put the hacienda up for sale or lease but unable to find a buyer continued its operation until January 1901 when a boiler exploded causing substantial damage to its facilities, loss of life and the end of its operations. Some of its land was acquired by the neighboring Serrallés family of Central Mercedita and the remaining machinery was sold and installed at Central Cambalache.
Rochelaise - Mayaguez (1908-1957) Its origin dates back to 1846 when French immigrant Juan Forestier acquired 275 cuerdas and named them Hacienda Rochelaise in memory of La Rochelle, his birthplace in France. The Cholera epidemic of 1856 killed some twenty four slaves and Esteban Forestier, who was one of its owners, also died a victim on August 20, 1856. Begining in 1873 a series of loans were taken from Latimer & Cia. which resulted in the foreclosure in 1878 by its major creditors the NY Merchant firm of D. De Castro & Cia., Borda & Cia. and Dr. Carlos Grivot and his wife Carolina Kobly. In 1883 D. De Castro & Cia. sold its ownership interest to Luisa Kluglist, the wife of Wenceslao Borda Rueda in exchange for shares in the Canovanas Sugar Co. Ltd. in a transaction where De Castro & Cia. was to satisfy all debt owing to Grivot & Kobly and other creditors involved in the liquidation of Latimer & Cia. During the economic crisis at the end of the 19th Century, Hacienda Rochelaise was reduced to pasture land. Central Rochelaise was established where the old hacienda was in 1906 by David D. Wilson (Central Igualdad, Central Oriente) and Mayagüez born and Paris educated Oscar F. Bravo González (1882-1964). Bravo first worked in NY and upon his return to Puerto Rico was employed by Schultze & Co., a German commercial merchant house established in Mayagüez. He was married to Rudecinda Monagas Bianchi the daughter of Estela Bianchi Rosafá whose family had ownership interests in Central Pagán in Añaco and Central Coloso in Aguada. In 1908 ownership was transferred to the Mayagüez Sugar Co. whose main shareholders were Bravo, David & Robert Wilson, Chase Ulman and his brother-in-law and Ponce born José Miguel Morales Alvarado who was married to Sara Bravo Gonzalez. After Oscar F. Bravo Gonzalez retired in 1940, his son Eng. José Oscar Bravo Monagas was at the helm. After its closure in 1957, its sugarcane was processed at Central Igualdad and its machinery sold as scrap metal in Mexico.
San Cristobal - Naguabo (1899-1913) Hacienda San Cristobal was established ca. 1855 by Spanish Immigrant from Catalonia Tito Patxot with an oxen driven mill. Spanish immigrant Alejandro Viader Soler (1834-1901) acquired the property ca. 1875, in 1899 updated it with a steam mill and operated it until his death. Since his wife Maria Hernandez and two daughters Josefa (1876-1994) and Alejandrina Viader Hernandez (1873-1997) had preceded Alejandro in death, upon his death Hacienda San Cristobal was inherited by his son Igancio (1880-1909) and daughter Dolores Viader Hernandez (1875-1960). The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer edition of December 17,1898 reports that: "A Philadelphia syndicate has acquired a large tract of land in the District of Naguabo, on the east coast, and are about to commence planting and the erection of buildings, etc." Central San Cristobal and Central Aguirre were the first sugar mills planned by US investors after the 1898 occupation. However, construction at Central San Cristobal took some time, allowing Central Aguirre to be the first US investor owned central sugar mill established after the US occupation. According to José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico, San Cristobal was still at the time a hacienda owned by Ignacio and Dolores Viader Hernandez. This information by Ferreras Pagán contradicts the information above published in the Louisiana Planter. It also conflicts with information in Humberto Garcia Muñiz book Sugar and Power in the Caribbean that states "While Congress was setting the rules of the game for Puerto Rico, only two US sugar concerns ventured to invest on the island; the Central Aguirre Syndicate and a Philadelphia based syndicate, probably Central San Cristobal. The latter acquired a large tract of land in the Naguabo district, on the east coast, and reportedly were about to commence planting and the construction of buildings." However, he states no further information was found on this company, referring to San Cristobal. In 1910 the Central San Cristobal Corp. was incorporated in Connecticut to acquire Central San Cristobal and Hacienda Esperanza in Naguabo for a reported $900,000 adding its mill and equipment to San Cristobal's plant. A syndicate headed by Sosthenes Behn leased Central San Cristobal for the 1914-1915 grinding season after it went into receivership in mid-1913, but the venture was not successful and that was Central San Cristobal's last milling season. In 1915 the Federal Court ordered its sale at public auction for the benefit of its creditors being the Fajardo Sugar Co. the succesfull bidder. The Fajardo Sugar Co. never operated San Cristobal and in 1916 the sugar mill was dismantled and its machinery sold in 1917 to Macorís Sugar Co. owner of Central Las Pajas in the Dominican Republic. Central San Cristobal was the only fully US owned sugar mill in Puerto Rico that turned out to be a failure.
San Francisco - Naguabo (1876-1879) Was owned by the firm Busó & Viader comprised of Juan Busó Quintana and Alejandro Viader.
San Luis - Carolina (1874-1876) Was owned by Teodoro Chevremont Couvertié (1839-1896).
San Miguel - Luquillo (1926-1931) Was owned by Diego Zalduondo Veve (1878-1940). Its first grinding season was 1927 when it produced 4,340 tons of sugar. Was damaged by San Ciprian Hurricane and was never rebuilt, last grinding season was 1931 when it produced 3,279 tons of sugar. Filed for Bankruptcy in 1931 and was acquired by the Fajardo Sugar Co. of Porto Rico.
Utuado - Utuado (1915-1916) In 1910 Utuado Sugar Co. contracted NY based Lebedjeff & Co. to build a Central sugar factory in the municipality of Utuado with the condition that it be operational by January, 1915 for the 1914-195 season. The main shareholders of Utuado Sugar Co. were Eduardo Georgetti, Carlos Cabrera, Carlos Soler, Adrian Cueto and Carlos Morales Alvarado among others. By 1916 it was already under receivership.
Vannina aka Central San José - Rio Piedras (1910-1952) It was located on the lands of the old Hacienda San José established ca. 1830 by Alonso Andrade who operated an oxen driven mill. It was later known as Ingenio Solís when owned by Spanish immigrant Jose Solís and then his son Joaquín Solis Kercadó (1825-1897) who installed equipment from the defunct Hacienda Media Luna and Hacienda Monserrate in Dorado. Upon the death of Joaquín it passed on to Sucn. Solís composed of Joaquín's wife Aurelia Amy and their sons Francisco, Joaquín, Natalia, Josefina and Maria Solís Amy. In 1902 its administrator was Miguel Emannuelli Costa who was married to Natalia Solís Amy. The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer Volume 44 No. 24 of June 10, 1910 states that: "Many new centrals are being planned for erection during the present year, three being certainties - viz., Arecibo, Camuy and Rio Piedras. This last expects to be in operation for next season. The capital is said to have been raised in Germany with a Porto Rican management." Vannina Corporation was incorporated in 1911 with a subscribed capital of $300,000 and began operations in February 1911. Its initial Board of Directors was comprised of Santiago Lorenzi, Antonio Caubet Pons, Vicente Antonetti Antonini, Joaquin Villamil, A. Gautier, G. Candina, G. Sagastibelza, Bernado Gil, A. Somoza and P. Castaños. As a result of a request in 1914 by Sucrs. de Abarca, the District Court of San Juan appointed Abelardo de la Haba and Rud Myohl as receivers to run the affairs of Central Vannina. In November 1916 successful operations rescued Vannina Corp. from receivership but again in 1922 as a result of the sugar price drop of 1921 it was again put in receivership and again some five years later successfully rescued, operating as Central Vannina until 1939. That year it was acquired by new investors and the name changed to Central San José.operating as such until 1952. That year it was dismantled and its machinery sold in Venezuela where it was installed at Central Tocuyo. It was located in the immediacies of the old aqueduct built in 1910 in what today is Barrio Venezuela behing the "Estación Experimental Agricola".
There were four sugar mills in the small island of Vieques, just East of Puerto Rico, we did not visit these but understand there are remains of at least one of them:
Arcadia (1908-1917) Was owned by Luis Manuel Cintrón Sanchez (1848-1917) also owner of Hacienda Fortuna in Fajardo. Upon Luis Manuel's death and the closure of the sugar mill after the 1916-1917 grinding season, Arcadia's fields were sold to the Benitez Sugar Co. by his widow Encarnación Aboy Benitez (1864-1949). The Benitez Sugar Co. was also owner of Central Playa Grande. Encarnación was the daughter of Ramón Aboy Hernández and Petra Benitez Guzmán the sister of José Benitez Guzmán the principal shareholder of Benitez Sugar Co.
Vieques aka Central Esperanza aka Central Puerto Real (1910-1927) Established by Victor Mourraille Bonneterre, a Frenchman from the Guadeloupe island of Marie Galante from the merger of his hacienda in Puerto Ferro with a hacienda in Barrio Mosquito owned by Frenchman from Saint Domingue Victor Martineau Boyard (1823-1893). Enrique Bird Arias (Brother of Jorge Bird Arias of Fajardo Sugar Co.) acquired Esperanza from Victor's son Gustave Mouraille Longpré after a big labor strike in 1915. After Enrique's death on March 4, 1919 all the assets and rights of the Esperanza Central Sugar Company were sold at public auction by the marshall of the US District Court for PR to the Colonial Sugar Company as a result of a suit filed by L. W. & P. Armstrong for an unpaid mortgage of $1,730,000. On November 17,1929 the Colonial Sugar Company transferred and conveyed all its assets and rights to the Fajardo Sugar Company. The Fajardo Sugar Co. then sold it to United Porto Rican Sugar Co., later Eastern Sugar Associates. Under the ownership of United Porto Rican Sugar Co./Eastern Sugar Associates, sugar cane grown on the plantation after 1927 was processed at Central Pasto Viejo in Humacao. The structure of the main house of the Puerto Real Central Sugar Mill, later known as "La Casa del Francés" alluding to the nationality of the original owner Victor Mourraille, became a well known small hotel and inn. Today, the structure is in ruins because of a fire that occurred in 2005. Puerto Real's land was subject to the government's enforcement of the 500 "cuerdas law as can be seen from this court document.
Playa Grande (1899-1942) This was the only sugar mill in Vieques in operation by 1930. Its origin dates to when three Danish immigrants consolidated their haciendas, Marquisat de St. Jacques, Pistolet and Resolución, retaining the Hacienda Resolución name for the new estate. José Benitez Guzmán (1840-1900) acquired Hacienda Resolución and in 1892 bought Hacienda Playa Grande from another Dane called Matias Hjardenal and consolidated it with Resolución. Benitez Guzmán improved its machinery and installed a steam mill and in 1899 converted it into a Central Sugar mill. After José's death, it passed on to his children through the Benitez Sugar Co. comprised of José Juan Benitez Diaz (1865-1947) who was married to Maria de Anca Benvenutti. Maria was born from Carolina Benvenutti Ducler's first marriage to Eugenio de Anca, her second marriage was to Carlos Cabrera Paz owner of Central Florida. In 1936 Central Playa Grande was in receivership due to unpaid debt to the Bank of Nova Scotia. It was then acquired by Aurelio Tió who operated it until 1942 when its lands were expropriated by the US Navy. The mill itself was not expropriated but without sugar cane to process, it shut down. Miguel Angel Garcia Mendez, owner of Central Igualdad, bought the equipment and in 1946 sold it in Belle Glade, FL to Okeelanta Sugar Reginery, Inc. When Okeelanta istalled more modern equipmet, it was sold to Manatí Sugar Co. in Cuba. This YouTube Video by the Vieques Conservation and Historical Trust is very intresting tour of the sugar mill ruins.
Santa Maria (1896-1922) Its predecessor was established by Ildefonso Leguilton with an oxen driven mill. It was acquired in 1896 by St. Thomas native Carlos Petit LeBrun Bartolomey (1859-1928). Reportedly it had a distillery and produced Ron Santa Maria. It had about 2,000 acres of its own of which approximately 600 acres were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in the Florida sector of Vieques, on the north coast.
Sugar Factories/Trapiches With No Remains Left
Amistad - Lajas. Was established ca. 1850 by the Pellicier family with a steam mill. It was acquired in 1887 by Corsican immigrant from Sisco Pedro Santos Vivoni Battistini (1840-1903) who arrived in Puerto Rico in 1856 and his wife Maria Concepción Ramirez de Arellano Ramirez de Arellano, they also owned Hacienda Resolución in Lajas. It consisted of 1,600 acres of which about 400 were planted with sugarcane. Was located 1.5 km west of PR-116 in Barrio Sabana Yegua. It has been considered a central sugar mill by some, although its years operating with modern, though acquired used equipment, was limited to three or four.
Ana Maria - Ponce. Established in 1844 by San Cristobal, Dominican Republic born Juan Bautista Roubert Castaing (1811-1875) when Hacienda Ana Maria, Hacienda Heda (owned by Ramón Rivera) and Hacienda Alcay, each one with a blood driven mill, were consolidated into one. It consisted of five hundred sixty one cuerdas of its own plus one hundred thirty three leased from the widow of R. Albizu of which approximately three hundred were planted with sugarcane producing some three thousand five hundred bags of muscovado sugar. The 1872 Slave Register shows Juan Bautista Roubert with thirty six slaves in bo. Coto of Ponce. In 1905 it was acquired by Francisco Costa Palmieri & Carlos Costa Guevara from Estelvina Costa Guevara, the widow of Francisco Roubert Castaing (1852-1897), the son of Juan Bautista Roubert Castaing and Ana Maria Castaing. At one time Francisco was also owner of Hacienda Amelia. On or around 1916 Hacienda Ana Maria became part of Central Mercedita. It was located between Barrios Coto and Cerrillos north of PR-14 and west of the Inabón River.
Angelina - San German. Was established with an oxen driven mill by Valentin Rivera who operated it until his death in 1885 when it passed on to the firm Rivera Hnos. consisting of his children; Fernando Rivera Pagán (1835,1910), Valentin Rivera Pagán (1837-1927), Angela Rivera Pagán (1847-1913) and Angelina Rivera Pagán (1847-1892) probably after whose name the hacienda was named. It consisted of eighty acres of which thirty five were used to grow sugarcane. Was located on the left side of the trail from Duey in Barrio Hoconuco Bajo about 3 km from town.
Antoñita - Bayamón, José Hernandez Salguero (1869- ).
Arcadia - Vega Alta. Was established in 1884 by Gavino Rivera Ramirez (1846- ) who acquired it and other lands from his father and named it Arcadia in honor of his daughter Arcadia Rivera Vega (1879- ). It consisted of a total six hundred twenty five acres and leased another one hundred twenty five of which approximately thirty were dedicated to growing sugarcane. It had a steam engine acquired in San Juan from the J. Goyco & Co. ice plant. By 1902 it had stopped processing sugar and all its sugarcane was processed at the nearby Central Carmen. At one point in time, Hacienda Arcadia was the third largest tax contributor in Vega Alta after Central Carmen and Leonardo Igaravidez for his vast extension of lands in the municipality even though his Central San Vicente was in Vega Baja. It was located on the northeast edge of town in Barrio Espinosa.
Aurora - Cabo Rojo. Was an abandoned estate in 1900 when it was acquired from Ernesto Cuebas by the firm Pedro M. Mallén & Co., the successor to Pedro M. Mallén Seda (1831-1888). It consisted of fifty six acres of which sixteen were used to grow sugarcane.
Aurora - Lajas. Was established ca. 1840 by Spanish immigrant Narciso Pujals Vila with an oxen driven mill. In 1880 when owned by his son Narciso Pujals Pérez (1844-1917), a steam mill was installed. In 1902 it was owned by Juan Cancio Ortiz Lugo (1854-951). It consisted of three hundred acres of which approximately one hundred were planted with sugarcane.
Australia - Humacao. Was established in 1881 as Hacienda Carmen by Spanish immigrant Matias Gros Piazuelo (1843-1909) and his wife Carmen Noya Morales (1826-1912), originally with an oxen driven mill and a limited amount of land. In 1892 it was acquired by Indalecio López Gómez (1858-1914) who annexed the nearby Hacienda Buena Vista he had leased from José Ramón Latimer Fernández (1859-1923). José Ramón Latimer Fernández was the son of William Henry Latimer and Barbara Fernández and grandson of José Ramón Fernández, owner of Hacienda Esperanza and George Latimer owner of Central Canovanas. In 1899 the hacienda was destroyed by Hurricane San Ciriaco and rebuilt with a power driven mill which operated until 1902. It consisted of 1,700 acres including those on lease of which approximately 350 were used to grow sugarcane. It was located east of the road to Yabucoa in Barrio Candelero Abajo which today lies within the Palmas del Mar Resort complex.
Bagatela - Ponce. Was a forty one acre hacienda acquired in 1823 by Spanish immigrant from Navarra Gastón Echevarne ( -1838). Upon his death the property was inherited by his widow Cecilia Pordi and their four children. They were never successful in its administration and Hacienda Bagatela shut down operations ca. 1856. It was located in the western part of Ponce near Hacienda Vayas.
Barahona - Morovis. Was owned by Carlos de Ereño del Rio. In 1908, an ordinance was passed by the Executice Council of PR during the time Regis H. Post was Governor, granting Carlos de Ereño, his heirs, successors and assigns the right to take and use four liters of water per second from the Quebrada del Medio for industrial purposes in his sugar mill in Barrio Barahona of Morovis. The 1910 census shows Carlos de Ereño y del Rio as a Spanish immigrant sugar farmer, fifty six years old who arrived in Puerto Rico in 1886 with address as "camino de carros del Ingenio Ereño que conduce a la carretera de Morovis a Manati" in Barrio Barahona of Morovis.
Bienestar - Utuado, Paz Hnos.
Buena Fé - Cabo Rojo. Was established in 1886 by Sinforoso Bonilla. It consisted of eighty six acres with only seven dedicated to sugarcane producing about fifteen hogsheds of muscovado sugar. It was located on the road to Joyuda 2 km from Cabo Rojo.
Buena Vista - Arecibo. Was acquired ca. 1887 by E. Balaguer from its original owners Ildefonso Victor (1845-1900) and Juan Francisco Watlington del Toro (1846-1877), two brother born in St. Croix then a Danish possession. It was located very close to the east bank of the Rio Grande de Arecibo about five miles south of town. It consisted of four hundred fifty acres of which one hundred fifty were used to grow sugarcane. By 1902 its factory had shut down and it sugarcane was processed at Central Las Claras. In 1905 it was one of the haciendas that were acquired and became part of Central Cambalache.
Buena Vista - Peñuelas. Was established by Jaime Costas ca. 1835, upon his death it passed on to his heirs and then to the firm Costas Hnos., whose representative was Luis Costas. By 1902 its sugar factory was closed and its sugarcane was transported by train and processed at Guanica Centrale.
Buena Vista - San Lorenzo. Was established by Pedro Machín Flores (1833-1911), the son of immigrants from the Canary Island of Fuerteventura and his wife Cándida Rosa Machín Parrilla (1838-1921). The Machín residence on the San Lorenzo main plaza was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The registration document states the first record available for this property is an 1883 taxation document that states the house was under construction and that the lot had historically belonged to the Machín family. The document speculates that the house was built in the early 1800s and at the time of the tax document in 1883, the second floor may have been added. The property resembles the residence of Clotilde Santiago, owner of Hacienda Carmen in Coamo, which first floor was used for commercializing sugar processed at the owner’s hacienda and the second floor was the family’s residence.
Buenaventura - Carolina, Marcelino Perez.
Caño Verde - Ponce. Was owned by Spanish immigrant from Barcelona José Milá de la Roca, his son-in-law Gerónimo Rabassa ( -1845) and Rabassa's brother-in-law José Prats ( -1848). In 1837 Milá de la Roca and his Venezuela born wife Isabel Maria Alfonso ( -1868), returned to live in Spain and left the plantation's operation to his partners. Rabassa also returned to live in Spain shortly thereafter where he died. Upon the death of Rabassa and Prats, ⅔ ownership of the hacienda belonged Isabel Maria who retained same until her death. The hacienda was inherited by Gerónimo Rabassa's daughter Elvira Rabassa Milá de la Roca and granddaughter Teresa Vidal-Quadras Rabassa (1857-1940) since his daughter Isabel Rabassa Milá de la Roca (ca. 1837-1857) had preceded Isabel Maria in death. Ferreras Pagán states in 1902 hacienda Caño Verde was owned by Elvira Rabassa, Teresa Vidal Cuadras (sic) and Pompeyo de Quintana. It had a steam mill and consisted of two hundred sixty six acres of its own plus five hundred fourteen leased of which approximately three hundred forty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Sabanetas west of Mercedita Airport and PR-52.
Carbonell - Cabo Rojo. It was established in the 19th century by José Celedonio Carbonell del Toro (1830-1893) and his brother prominent Puerto Rican autonomist and physician of Catalonian descent Dr. Salvador Carbonell del Toro (1841-1907), who spent time in the El Morro jails in the late 1880's for his opposition to the then prevailing Spanish regime. A map on page forty five of the study titled Plan Territorial de Cabo Rojo Revision Integral 2006 prepared by the Municipality of Cabo Rojo, places Hacienda Carbonell north of Hacienda La Romana just inland from Playa Buyé. No additional information has been found on this hacienda.
Carmelita - Cabo Rojo. Was established by Federico Delgado and was later acquired by Agustín Castelló and then by Catholic priest Carlos Jofre Palmer until 1893 when it was acquired by Alejandro Fernandez. At one time its owner was reported to be Claudio Morales. It consisted of two hundred eighty acres of which twenty were used to grow sugarcane, it also processed sugarcane from neighboring farms. It was located in Barrio Miradero about 2 km from town.
Carmen - Isabela. José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico states that Carmen was established by Juan Machado ca. 1877 and upon his death in 1888 was owned by Sucn. Machado represented by Alonso Machado. The 1910 Business Directory of PR shows Carmen as owned by Elisa Ruiz de Hau apparently in error. Elisa Ignacia Ruiz was married to Michael Julius Robert Schnabel, Elisa's sister Carmen Ruiz, was the first wife of Arturo Hau Salguero, owner of Hacienda Sábalos listed herein. In 1896 its oxen driven mill was upgraded to a steam mill. Hacienda Carmen consisted of three hundred seventy six acres of its own and leased another three hundred seventeen to Sucn. Mantilla of which total about one hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about 6 km southeast of Isabela along the "El Centro" road to Quebradillas near the road from Isabela to San Sebastian in Barrio Galateo Bajo.
Carmen - Las Piedras. Was established in 1882 by Antonio Márquez López (1838-1904) and acquired in 1900 by José Collazo who continued operating it with an oxen driven mill and increased its land to four hundred twenty six acres of which one hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about 2 km north of Las Piedras in Barrio Boquerón.
Carmen - San Sebastian, Carmen Iturrino.
Carmen - Santa Isabel. Was owned by Spanish immigrant from La Guardia, Álava Province in the Basque Country and Guayama resident Manuel Cividanes Alonso (1856-1930) who arrived in Puerto Rico in 1876. In 1896, Cividanes married Rufina Diaz Molinari ( -1914), the widow of Ignacio Diaz Joglar ( -1893), owner of the nearby Hacienda Palés and Hacienda Carlota. Hacienda Carmen years of operation were approximately 1880-1905. It was located in Barrio Jauca, its last remains included a square smoke stack of an approximate height of 60' and two tanks one of which seem to have been the boiler. Was located in Barrio Jauca 1º on the road to Guayama.
Carrizales - Maricao, Molinelli Hnos.
Ceiba - Vega Baja. It was already a muscovado sugar factory with a steam powered mill in 1891 when it was acquired by José Manuel Portela. It consisted of three hundred acres of which one hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located northeast of the road from Vaga Baja to Vega Alta approximately 2 km from Vega Baja.
Cintrona Primera - Juana Diaz. In the 1850s, Cintrona was owned by Manuel Ferrer who also owned the Hacienda Potala and Hacienda Pastillo in Juana Diaz and was owner of Hacienda Fortuna in Ponce together with Jaime Guilbee. By 1872 he is reported residing in his native Spain, the administrator of his interests in Puerto Rico was José Toro. The land of this hacienda was reportedly acquired and became part of Central Mercedita.
Cintrona Segunda - Was established by Josiah Webbe “Jose Maria” Archbald & Robert Archbald whose last name was later changed to Archeval. José Maria and Robert were two brothers of Irish descent that arrived in Puerto Rico in 1817 and 1818 respectively from the British Colony of Nevis. Between 1822-1823 they established Hacienda Cintrona in Ponce's Barrio Capitanejo and in 1823 installed the first steam mill in the area. Francisco Scarano in his book Haciendas y Barracones states this was the first steam mill in Puerto Rico, which steam was also the power source for a sawmill and a corn mill. By the mid 1840s Cintrona Segunda was the biggest ingenio in the area with annual production of over 600 m.t. of sugar. Immigrant records in the San Juan General Archives state "Robert María Archbald, builds and rebuilds steam "trapiches" or sugarcane processing plants; brother of José María. Robert Archbald was Robert McGill Archbal, from the island of Nevis, an English possession; he was single, lived in Juana Díaz, owned 7,000 pesos capital and eight slaves. May 25, 1818." The Archives also suggest the brothers brought other family members to work at Cintrona.
John B. Archbald, in Ponce since Dec. 1823. Until he became ill, he was the mayordomo on the hacienda of his relatives, his parents were William and Elizabeth, also Catholics; June 3, 1824.
Carlos Archbald, from the English island of St. Kitts, natural son of D. Roberto Archbald and the Catholic Betsy Claxton. He wants to work with his father. Ponce, Nov 15, 1831.
Though not a relative, the Archives include the following interesting comment relating to the Archbald brothers: they had employed the engineer William Sinkin from New York to repair machinery. The authorities wanted him to travel to San Juan, but he was obese and had hemorrhoids, that's why he couldn't ride on horseback and asked for permission to stay without going to San Juan personally. 1830.
Concepción - Aguada. José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico, states hacienda Concepción belonged to the de Cardona brothers. He states that this two cuerdas hacienda of which seventy five were used to grow sugar cane, was established by the ancestors of San Germán born Eulalia Quiñones Silva (1837-1888), the wife of José Néstor de Cardona Ramirez (1833-1905) of Aguadilla, parents of its then current owners. He also states that in 1868 de Cardona installed a steam driven mill which produced around five hundred "bocoyes" or hogsheads of muscovado sugar. Ca. 1892 due to deterioration of its milling machinery, it was acquired by Amell Massó and became part of Central Coloso. It was located on the banks of the Culebrinas River close to the shore, one "league" from Aguada. It had beautiful Palm Trees and from the owner's two story wooden house the monument dedicated to Cristobal Colón erected in 1893 could be seen. In 1902 its administrator was Francisco de Cardona Quiñones (1878-1920), one of the twelve children born from the marriage of José Néstor and Eulalia. Hacienda La Concepción was documented in 1996 in this HAER Report which states its machinery was still on site and in good state of preservation.
Concepción - Cabo Rojo. Urban planner Joaquín García Morales states thet by 1840 Hacienda Concepción had one of only two steam driven mills in Cabo Rojo, Hacienda Boquerón being the other. Ferreras Pagán states that in 1896 Hacienda Concepción was acquired by Delfín Ramirez. It was a small hacienda with only fifty six acres of which approximately twenty five were planted with sugarcane. Its location is not precise but he states it was close to town, probably where La Concepción subdivision is located today.
Constancia - Hormigueros. According to José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico, Constancia was established in 1850 on the banks of the Rosario River by Simón Bey with an oxen driven mill. It was acquired by Spanish immigrant from Mallorca Agustin Mangual and his wife Carmen Suarez who added additional land and in 1860 installed a steam mill. Was inherited by Agustín and Pedro Mangual Suarez and then sold at different times to Francisco de Paula Vazquez and Esteban Nadal Gros. In 1895 it was acquired by Carlos Monagas Pesante when consisting of 343 acres. This 1976 El Regional Newspaper article, states that Hacienda Constancia was established on the banks of the Rosario River by Pedro Mangual and his wife Esperanza Bofill and was inherited by their daughter Carmen Rita Mangual Bofill (1852-1909) who was married to Carlos Monagas Pesante (1849-1920) who ran the hacienda. In 1904 Carlos leased the lands to the Guanica Centrale where its sugarcane was processed. It consisted of 351 acres of which the majority was planted with sugarcane. Its location has been established by some in Barrio Lavadero and in Barrio Benavento, and sometimes has been identified as two separate haciendas.
Constancia - Rio Grande. Was established in 1870 by Felipe Garcia south of Luquillo on the foot of the mountains at Barrio Mata de Platanos, in 1884 it was acquired by Nicolás Garcia. It had an oxen driven mill and consisted of two hundred seventy acres of which approximately fifty were used to grow sugarcane.
Convento - Fajardo. Was established by Guillermo Brunet. It was acquired ca. 1886 by Spanish immigrant from Torrelavega, Cantabria Domingo Cerra Gonzalez (1842-1892) and his wife Pilar Becerril Torres (1849-1938). After Domingo's death its administrator was his son Luis Cerra Becerril (1878- ). It consisted of one thousand one hundred acres of which two hundred fifty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located northeast of Fajardo and east of the road to Rio Grande about 1½ km from Fajardo.
Cornelia - Cabo Rojo. Was a one hundred sixty seven cuerdas estate owned by Curaçao native Cornelia Bey Guello (1786-1856) the widow of Marcos Cavallieri, who died at the hacienda on September 5, 1856 victim of the Cholera epidemic that affected the island. Was later owned by Saint Thomas native Gustavo Saint Laurent Mareshall (1828-1906). Unknown if related to Diego Garcia Saint Laurent, who's lands were contributed by his widow in the formation of Central Eureka.
Cruzada aka Carmen - San German. Was originally known as Hacienda Cruzada when at different times was owned by the Lugo and Garcés families. It had an oxen driven mill until ca. 1871 when a steam mill was installed. In 1902 it was acquired by Lucas Pagán Seda (1862-1908) who changed its name to Hacienda Carmen. It was located in Barrio Maresúa, its land included what today is Urbanización Reparto Universidad.
Cuebas de San José - San German. According to José Ferreras Pagán, Hacienda Cuebas de San José was established ca. 1886 in Barrio Manillas (sic) by Genaro Cardona with an oxen driven mill. It was located in Barrio Minillas which is halfway between Sabana Grande and San German and consisted of two hundred seventy eight acres of which only a small portion was used to grow sugarcane, producing a mere thirty five to forty hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually.
Cupey - San German. Was established in 1877 by Dionisio Ramirez and his wife Juana de la Cruz Pabón Dávila and later owned by his son Ramón Maria Ramirez Pabón (1858-1912). Was located in Barrio Minillas and consisted of only 97 acres and produced twenty hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually.
Dolores - Cabo Rojo. Was established ca. 1860 by Joaquin Vidal Jimenez (1840-1900) with an oxen driven mill and upon his death was inherited by his son Ignacio Vidal Beiso (1863-1938), also at one time owner of Hacienda Belvedere. It consisted of twenty five acres of which eighteen were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Pedernales. José Ferreras Pagán states that in 1900 Gumersindo Llull owned the hacienda prior to title being passed to Ignacio Vidal, fact that has not been verified.
Dolores - Tallaboa. Was established ca. 1867 by the firm Valdivieso Hnos. comprised of Antonio and Herminio Valdivieso, from the consolidation of several sugarcane plantations and other farms, one being Hacienda Pepita of the Van Rhyn brothers. In 1902 it was acquired by Dolores Rodriguez Hurtado (1847-1917) the widow of Vicente La Roche Siera (1836-1902) when it appears its name was changed by its new owner. It had extensive land consisting of 4,512 acres of which 700 were used to grow sugarcane. Beginning with the 1902 grinding season its sugarcane was processed at Guanica Centrale. It was located more or less where the Commonwealth Oil Refining Co. (CORCO) was on the banks of the Tallaboa River, with the train tracks passing through the front of the property.
Dos Hermanos - Añasco. In his book, Ferreras Pagán refers to this plantation as Finca Dos Hermanos instead of Hacienda Dos Hermanos, unknown why. He states it was a one hundred cuerdas plantation of which fifty were planted with sugarcane, established by Joaquin Velez ca, 1847. He also states in 1887 a steam mill was installed using waters from the Humatra River which course runs east of the town of Añasco. In 1902 its administrator and co-owner was Manuel Vélez. The document titled "Añasco: Notas para su Historia" written by Dr. Carlos Gaztambide Arrillaga in 1984, states 1857 as the year Hacienda Dos Hermanos was established.
Dos Hermanos - Fajardo. Was established ca. 1879-81 by the firm Rivera Hnos. with an oxen driven mill which later was replaced by a steam mill. In 1902 its owner was Domingo Rivera. It consisted of six hundred acres of which four hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was on the east side of the road to Rio Grande, northeast of Fajardo about 1 km from town.
Elena - Cabo Rojo, Sinforoso Bonilla.
Esperanza - San Sebastian. Was owned by brothers Narciso Rabell Cabrero (1874-1928) and Violante Rabell Cabrero (1872- ).
Esperanza - Guayama. Was a five hundred cuerdas estate established by Jacinto Texidor ca. 1860 in Barrio Machete. Was acquired by Juan Vives de la Rosa who sold it to Amorós Hnos. in 1892. It had a steam mill and produced some six hundred too seven hundred bocoyes or hogsheads of muscovado sugar. Was acquired by A. Hartman & Co. in 1906 and became part of the new Central Machete.
Eugenia - Añasco. Was established by Francisco Alvarez initially with an oxen driven mill then a steam mill. It was acquired in 1876 by Carlos De Choudens who installed equipment from the West Point Foundry in NY. It consisted of one thousand two hundred acres which included part of the lands of the defunct Hacienda Santisima Trinidad property of Alfredo Cristy Vanell owner of Central Fortuna in Rio Grande.
Euskara - San Sebastian. Was owned by Pedro jaunarena. We believe Pedro Jaunarena was Spanish immigrant from Iturén, Navarra Pedro Jaunarena Azcue (1860-1940), however his death certificate states him as a merchant.
Eugenia - Añasco. Was established in 1864 by Francisco Alvarez initially with an oxen driven mill then a steam mill. In 1870 it was acquired by brothers Ramón Arístides (1827-1893) and Demétrio Cámara Alvarez and in 1876 by Carlos de Choudens (1929-1902) who installed equipment from the West Point Foundry in NY and produced a rum brand named "Chs. de Choudens" that won Gold Medal in the Barcelona Expo of 1888. It consisted of one thousand two hundred acres which included part of the lands of the defunct Hacienda Santísima Trinidad property of Alfredo Cristy Vanell owner of Central Fortuna in Rio Grande. Hacienda Eugenia was sold for $150,000 at public auction in 1904.
Fé - Naguabo. Was acquired in 1901 by The Gustavo Preston Co. of which Arroyo born Gustavo Preston (1856- ) was President and David K. M. Knott was Administrator. It consisted of 600 acres fo which 261 were planted with sugarcane. It was located about 2 km west of Naguabo close to the Fé River and East of the Blanco River in the general area where today is the intersection of PR-970 and PR-31.
Filial Amor - San Germán. The Filial Amor plantation (Ato) dates back to the 1700s when it included lands later segregated and known as Haciendas Luisa Josefa and Carolina among others. It belonged to Francisco Plácido Quiñones Quiñones the father of Francisco Mariano Quiñones. It was later inherited by Francisco Mariano's children Francisco Plácido, Mary and Julia Matilde also Quiñones Quiñones. This Quiñones family were related to the Quiñones families owners of Hacienda Coto and Hacienda Santa Rita. After being segregated, it consisted of 200 acres, all dedicated to growing sugarcane processed at it is own sugar factory which had a steam mill. It was located on the road from San German to Mayagüez about 3 km from San German on the north side of the road as well as on the north side of the railroad tracks. The Estero River crossed its lands about 300 m north of the factory.
Fortuna - Fajardo. Was established with a steam mill by Manuel F. de Guzmán Peña and his wife Modesta Benitez Guzmán (1832-1899) whose family owned Central Arcadia and Central Playa Grande in Vieques. In 1896 it was acquired by Luis Manuel Cintrón Sanchez (1848-1917) who was the original owner of Central Arcadia in Vieques. It consisted of one thousand acres of which approximately four hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about 2 km south of Fajardo, at or near where today is the Barrio Luis M. Cintrón, the Fajardo River ran through its lands. In 1902 its administrator was Carlos Benitez Castaño, nephew of Manuel F. and Modesta.
Fortuna - Naguabo. In his 2005 paper Documentación e Interpretación de Mitigacion de la Hacienda Rodriguez/Colonia Monserrate Barrio Rio Balanco Naguabo, Puerto Rico, Eng. Luis Pumarada states that by 1878 the 650 cuerdas Hacienda Fortuna had a steam mill. He states that after the firm Hnos. Busó was dissolved in 1845 it was owned by Juan Busó Quintana (1833-1919). In a published edict on the Gaceta de Puerto Rico in 1881, the Humacao Disctrict Judge ordered the sale in public auction on March 28, 1881 of Hacienda Fortuna located in Barrio Rio of Naguabo property of Alejandro Viader and Francisco Busó as a result of a case initiated by A. Viader & Co. for the collection of money. In his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico José Ferreras Pagán mentions Hacienda Fortuna as a cattle farm no longer processing sugar cane owned by J. R. Garzot. Garzot was owner of Central Triunfo.
Frontón - Ciales, Luis Forteza. There is a page for a sugar factory in Ciales identified as Hacienda Fullana. It was identified as such as Fullana was the name of the owner as told by an employee. It is possible though not verified that Hacienda Fullana and Hacienda Frontón were one and the same.
Gabina - Cabo Rojo. Was established in 1866 by José Monserrate Ramos Irizarrry (1831-1911) with an oxen driven mill and named Gabina in honor of his wife Gabina Alvarado. It consisted of sixty acres of which only ten were used to grow sugarcane producing twenty hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually. It was located in Barrio Miradero.
Garza - Lajas, Aurelio Acosta.
Gregoria/Matias Pica - Guayama. Was established ca. 1830 by Spanish immigrant from Catalonia Matias Pica Colomer (1790-1846) with an oxen driven mill. He married Venezuelan immigrant Gregoria Martelo and had two children Matias Domingo (1841-1867) and Maria del Carmen (1842- ). Upon his death in August 1846, which was followed three months later by that of his wife Gregoria, the hacienda was inherited by their two children who at the time of their death were only four and five years old. The estate was represented by Benito Texidor from 1846 until 1860 when its administration passed on to Maria del Carmen's husband Luis Polonio Cabassa Tassara (1842-1912). In 1865 Cabassa installed a steam mill and acquired additional lands growing it to 425 acres of which 250 were planted with sugarcane. Maria del Carmen died ca. 1870 when apparently the hacienda was apparently sold to Jesus Maria Texidor Vazquez (1835- ), the son of Jacinto texidor Moreno. According to Luis Figueroa in his book Sugar, Slavery and Freedom in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico, "Don Jesús Maria Texidor y Vazquez owned still another plantation, Hacienda Gregoria, a mid-size estate that was nevertheless Guayama's fifth most productive in 1872". It was located about 1,350m northwest of Central Machete just south of the Patillas Irrigation Canal.
Guillerma - Cabo Rojo. Was established ca. 1870 with a steam mill and acquired in 1899 by Spanish immigrant from Barcelona Salvador Andinach Gordi (1871-1903) who died single and without leaving any descendants. It consisted of 103 acres of which only 20 were used to grow sugarcane. Was located in Barrio Miradero.
Guillermina - San Germán. Was established in 1871 by Guillermo Servera Sandro and later owned by his son Miguel Servera Nazario (1836-1918). It consisted of two hundred forty acres of which approximately sixty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Retiro Tea near to where today is the Urbanización San Ramón.
Higuero - San Germán, José Vicente Quiñones. Was located in the Sector Minillas Valle of Barrio Minillas.
Hoyo Vicioso - Fajardo. Was established by José Becerril, the father of Dolores Becerril Torres who was married to Jose Miguel Rivera Correa owner of haciendas Santa Rita and San Pedro also in Fajardo. In 1884 its ownership passed on to José's daughter Isabel Becerril Torres who was married to José Penedo Benitez born in Casilda, Province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba and nephew of Modesta Benitez Guzmán owner of Hacienda Fortuna in Fajardo. It had a steam mill installed by Penedo in 1884 and consisted of five hundred eighteen acres between two farms of which one hundred eighty were planted with sugarcane. Its factory and two hundred eighteen acres were located about 1 km east of Fajardo on the foothills of the mountains with an additional three hundred acres located in Barrio Demajagual.
Josefa - Aguada. Was a one hundred cuerdas hacienda established in 1886 by José Ramirez. It had an oxen driven mill with a wooden structure and a Egroot type still. By 1898 a steam driven mill had been installed. It was located approximately 200m from the shore alongside the Culebrinas River. Its lands were acquired by Amell Massó and became part of Central Coloso.
Josefa - Humacao. Was acquired in 1897 by José Beltrán. It consisted of four hundred sixty six acres of which one hundred fifty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about 6 km from Humacao, south of the road to the Playa de Humacao and north of the Humacao River.
Jovita - San Germán. Was established in 1858 by Ramón Porrata with an oxen driven mill. It was later owned by the Sucn. Porrata represented by his widow Concepción Acosta Nazario (1837-1912) and their children Gregorio, Antonio (1862-1927), Concepción (1864-1926), Francisca (1864-1949) and Maria Luisa (1870-1952) Porrata Acosta.
Juanita - Camuy. Consisted of three hundred cuerdas with eighty used to grow sugarcane. Was established by Spanish immigrant from the Canary Islands Juan Antonio Gonzalez Diaz (1820-1903) ca. 1883. It was located along the road to San Sebastián some 5 km from the town of Camuy. In 1902 its administrator was one of the seven children born of the marriage of Juan Antonio and his wife, also Spanish immigrant from Tenerife, Canary Islands, Juana Machado Amador (1850-1920); Casimira, Nicomedes, Gabriela, Eudiviges, José, Juana and Maria. Juana Machado Amador was the sister of Jorge Machado Amador, owner of Hacienda Santa Isabel also in Camuy.
Juanita - Rincón. In 1866 it had an oxen driven mill with wooden masses which were upgraded to steel in 1876 after being acquired by Juan Martinez ca. 1872, it was subsequently acquired in 1900 by Juan Angel Rodriguez. It consisted of eighty two acres of which approximately twenty five were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Calvache across from Central Corsica.
La Caridad - San Germán, Valentin Cordero.
La Dolores - Cabo Rojo. Was established by Manuel Rodriguez Acosta who operated it with an oxen driven mill until 1896 when it was acquired by José A. Ortiz Pabón. It consisted of two hundred acres of which about forty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Miradero.
La Sociedad - San Germán. According to José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico it was established in 1871 by brothers Melitón (1840-1925) and Domingo (1853-1903) Almodovar Nazario with an oxen driven mill and in 1902 its owner was Melitón. It consisted of two hundred twenty acres the majority used to grow fruits and vegetables, it produced about thirty five hogsheads of muscovado sugar. Was located in Barrio Minillas southwest of the road to Sabana Grande.
La Vega - Arecibo. Was established ca. 1845 by Sebastián Figueroa who substituted an oxen driven mill for a steam powered mil acquired from the A. & W. McOnie firm in Glasgow. It consisted of four hundred ten acres of which two hundred ten were used to grow sugarcane. In 1902 it was owned by Figueroa's Grandson Sebastián Figueroa Colón who annexed to it the adjacent Hacienda Puente Bagazo (later known as Mercedes) which he leased from Petra Berrios. It was located east of a channel created by Hurricane San Ciriaco between the channel and the Rio Grande de Arecibo about 1 km from town.
Las Lisas - Arecibo. Was established in 1855 by Manuel Ortiz y La Torre and owned by Sucn. Manuel Ortiz y La Torre since 1874. It consisted of seven hundred twenty five acres of which three hundred twenty were dedicated to grow sugarcane. In 1888 its factory had already shut down and its sugarcane was processed at Central Monte Grande. By 1902 its factory facilities and equipment were abandoned, it was represented by the Manuel Ortiz, the Administrator of Central Monte Grande.
Luisa - Toa Alta, Matilde Claudio.
Luisa Segunda - Mayaguez. Was owned by Pedro Gonzalez Suarez (1878-1939).
Mallorquina - Juncos. Was owned by the heirs of Spanish immigrant from Palma de Mallorca Jaime Palou comprised of his wife Caguas born Dolores Jiménez and their son Jaime Palou Jiménez.
Margarita - Fajardo. Was supposedly the first modern sugar factory in Fajardo, established ca. 1832 by Federico Garcia Rivera and his wife Carolina Veve Feraud who operated it until his death ca. 1876. It was then acquired by their daughter Carolina Garcia Veve (1858-1918) who was married to Dr. Santiago Veve Calzada (1858-1931). It had a steam driven mill and consisted of one thousand three hundred acres of which three hundred were used to grow sugarcane. The hacienda had telephone lines that connected it to Hacienda Unión and to her husband's drugstore both in Fajardo. It was adjacent on the east to Hacienda Unión which was owned by Carolina's cousing Miguel Zalduondo Veve on the east bank of the Luquillo River; the road to Rio Grande intersected its lands.
Maria Teresa - Camuy, José Machado.
Merced - Guayama, Rufina M. de Cividanes.
Mercedes - Yauco. Was owned by Ginés Roura Perez (1880- ).
Minillas - San German. Was established in 1854 and operated until 1874 when it was abandoned. It was rebuilt and began operating again in 1884 with a steam mill. It only processed sugarcane grown in land of other planters as it had no land of its own. In 1902 it was owned by Maria E. Ramirez de Quiñones and José Vicente Quiñones was its administrator.
Monserrate - Cabo Rojo. In his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico José Ferreras Pagán states that Hacienda Monserrate was an eight hundred fifty acres estate of which about one hundred were used to grow sugarcane. He states it was established by Antonio Ramirez 1 km west of the town of Cabo Rojo with an oxen driven mill and was acquired in 1856 by Juan Murray who installed a steam mill. Ferreras Pagán also states that in 1870 it was acquired by the firm Patxot, Castelló & Co. comprised of Emilio Patxot Blanch (1841-1893) and Agustín Castelló Busquets (1832-1906). The firm was already in liquidation in 1887 when its ownership passed on in its entirety to Agustin Castelló Busquets. who wa its owner in 1902. According to information gathered, Hacienda La Monserrate was named after Our Lady of Montserrat, the Patron Saint of Catalonia.
Monserrate - Camuy. Was established in the mid 1800s by Spanish immigrants from Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the Canary Islands Pedro Amador Pérez and his wife Demetria Machado Amador. It was not until 1880 that an oxen driven mill was installed to produce muscovado sugar in small quantities. It also had a still where for a short period of time rum was produced. Its land were mostly used to raise cattle with only thirty of its three hundred thirty eight acres dedicated to grow sugarcane.
Monserrate - Rio Grande (1874-1882). Was established in 1850 by Spanish immigrant José Calzada and his Arecibo born wife Maria Martinez with an oxen driven mill, in 1854 a steam driven mill and a Jamaican Train were installed. In 1874 it was acquired by José's daughter Maria del Carmen Calzada Martinez and her husband Miguel Adolfo Veve Feraud (1822-1885) the brother of Miguel Antonio Veve Feraud owner of Hacienda Concepción in Ceiba. Miguel Adolfo renovated the factory, updated its machinery and installed railways connecting all its farmlands. Ferreras Pagán states that Hacienda Monserrate was owned by Adolfo Veve Feraud's estate which was comprised of his six children: (1) Santiago Miguel Veve Calzada (1851-1927) who married Francisca Manuela Román Diaz and was a doctor in medicine, (2) José Antonio Veve Calzada (1853-1922) who married Emilia Carrillo Romero ( -1913) of which marriage were born seven children and married a second time in 1914 María Siaca Sanchez of which marriage no children were born. At the time of death was a pharmacist, (3) Manuel Santiago Veve Calzada (1858-1931) who married his cousin Carolina Garcia Veve (1858-1918) daughter of Carolina Veve Feraud and Federico Garcia Rivera and a second time Marta Lafont, was a doctor in medicine and a farmer. Had only one adopted son during his first marriage who died by drowning swiming in the Susquehana River while studying in Philadelphia, (4) Carmen Josefina Veve Calzada (1861-1957) who married her cousin Angel Garcia Veve, (5) Juan Pablo Rafael Veve Calzada (1866-1933) who married Emilia Veve and a second time to Consuelo Miquel and at the time of death was a farmer and (6) Miguel Adolfo Veve Calzada (1871-1897) who married his niece Maria Dolores del Carmen Veve Román daughter of Santiago Miguel. The property was abandoned for a few years until ca. 1900 Miguel Adolfo purchased and installed equipment from the defunct Central Bello Sitio in Fajardo which had shut down in 1891. It was located west of Luquillo on the road to Rio Grande about 150m from the sea shore. According to the History of Luquillo by Carmelo Alvira Guerra, Dr. Santiago Veve Calzada owned three sugar haciendas; La Margarita, La Monserrate and Fortuna. It appears Dr. Veve Calzada acquired Hacienda Fortuna after 1902 since as of that date Ferreras Pagán states its owner was L. M. Cintrón. Ferreras Pagán states that Hacienda Margarita was established ca. 1832 by Federico Garcia Rivera ( -1886) and since 1886-87 by his estate and later on solely by his daughter Carolina Garcia de Veve, the wife of Dr. Manuel Santiago Veve Calzada. Ferreras Pagán also states that Hacienda Monserrate consisted of seven hundred one cuerdas of its own and one hundred property of Miguel A. Veve (this Miguel A. Veve is not Miguel Adolfo Veve Calzada, as he died in 1897). He also mentions that "the sugar factory [Hacienda Monserrate] was in ruins until recently when its owner began improving and building new structures installing machinery from Hacienda Bello Sitio in Fajardo". Hacienda Bello Sitio was established ca. 1840 by José Domec and acquired by Jacques Jean Francois (Santiago) Veve Pasquier (1795- ) ca. 1842-43 when the name was changed to Hacienda Tolonesa in honor of Veve's birthplace of Toulon, France. In 1902 Hacienda Bello Sitio or Tolonesa was owned by Jorge Bird Leon of Central Fajardo.
Mont Ida - Naguabo. It belonged to British immigrant Guillermo Noble, also owner of Hacienda Oriente in Naguabo. It had a steam mill which later was upgraded with machinery acquired from C. Fletcher & Co. of London. It was later owned by his relative George J. Knott Noble (1840-1911) the son of James Knott and Sara Noble Latimer.
Nueva Esperanza - Aguadilla, Sucn. Duprey.
Olimpo - Guayama. Was established in 1835 by a partnership established by Frenchman from Guadeloupe Enrique Andrés Peyre and José Antonio Vazquez with an oxen driven mill. The partnership called for Vazquez to manage the one hundred seventy three cuerdas hacienda. In 1840 the partnership was dissolved when Peyre sold his part for 16,000 pesos to Vazquez who then became sole owner. By 1853 the hacienda had grown to one thousand fifty two cuerdas and by 1858 it had a hydraulic mill when acquired by Florencio Capó Planchart (1811-1882) who installed a steam mill. After Florencio's death its ownership passed on to his son José Maria Capó Alvarez and his wife Teresa Massari Cintrón (1861-1924).
Oriente - Naguabo. Was established by British immigrant Guillermo Noble ca. 1850, also owner of Hacienda Mont Ida, who installed a steam mill. In 1852 it was acquired by a Mr. Ochembein & Swiss immigrant Pablo Sandoz Xugner (1831-1918) who upgraded its machinery. It consisted of one thousand one hundred eighty acres split by the Daguao River from west to east, about three hundred fifty acres were used to grow sugarcane. It was located south of the road to Fajardo about 5 to 6 km from Naguabo close to the sea shore.
Palma - Bayamón. Was originally a one hundred nineteen acre hacienda established in 1843 by Spanish immigrant Bartolomé Puigdoller ( -1878) with an oxen driven mill. Upon his death, it was inherited by his son Antonio Puigdoller Soler (1848-1926) who installed a steam mill and grew it to nine hundred seventy eight acres of which one hundred fifty six were used to grow sugarcane. It was located near Palo Seco in Barrio Palmas of Bayamón between the road to Cataño and the Bayamón River.
Pámpanos - Ponce. Was established in the early 1820s by Frenchman Pedro Gautier ( -1823) the administrator of the Hacienda Quemado. Upon his death, half of the hacienda was leased to his son-in-law Juan Ventura Pedro Blanchereau ( -1826). Upon Blanchereau's untimely death, all of the the hacienda was leased for a nine year period to Alexander Harang ( -1836), a Louisiana native who had arrived in Ponce in 1818 and owned Hacienda Los Meros where he raised cattle and grew cotton. In 1831, Harang subleased ½ of Los Pampanos to Frenchman Guillermo Dubocq, recently arrived in Ponce from Saint Thomas and shortly thereafter he subleased ¼ of Pámpanos to Juan Lambert.
Panchita - San German. Was established ca. 1870 by Juan Bautista Gandulla and his wife Inés Irizarry with an oxen driven mill. It was acquired in 1900 by José Ramón Quiñones Velez. It consisted of fifty acres of which twenty five were used to grow sugarcane.
Panchita - San German. Was established in 1860 by Pedro Maria Rivera. Was located where today is the Urbanización San Ramón in Barrio Retiro Tea. It consisted of four hundred acres of which about thirty six were planted with sugarcane. The Cupey River intersected its lands passing between the Casa de Pailas and the owner's residence.
Paraiso - Fajardo. Was established in Barrio Rio Abajo ca. 1847 by Spanish immigrant Gabino Sabat, passing on to the ownership of Antonio Carrasquillo and in 1868 to Nicolas Matta Lasaña and his wife Manuela Quiñones Rivera. It was then owned by the firm Matta Hnos. comprised of José Nicolas Matta Quiñones (1839-1909), Teodosio Matta Quiñones (1833-1911) and Concepción Matta Quiñones (1841-1934). It consisted of two thousand one hundred fifty acres of which approximately two hundred were planted with sugarcane. It was located about 7 km west of Fajardo in Barrio Rio Arriba, the Fajardo River meanders through its lands.
Pastillo - Juana Diaz. Was owned by Manuel Ferrer who in the 1850s also had ownership in Hacienda Cintrona and Hacienda Potala in Juana Diaz and in Hacienda Fortuna in Ponce. In 1872 Ferrer is reported living in his native Spain, the administrator of his interests in Puerto Rico was José Toro.
Patillas - Patillas. Was established by Juan Pou during the first half of th 19th Century. It was acquired by Corsican immigrant Juan Bautista Massari in 1862 who in 1893 leased it to also Corsican immigrant Santos Tomei Berlingeri (1856-1911). It consisted of five hundred acres of its own and eight hundred acres leased of which about five hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located about 200m west of Patillas, water from the Rio Grande de Patillas was used for irrigation.
Perseverancia - Quebradillas. It was established in 1857 as a coffee plantation by Juan Cancela. It was acquired by Spanish immigrant Juan Igartua Alberti who dedicated part of its land to grow sugarcane and built an oxen driven mill. After Igartua's death in 1884, it was managed by his sons Rafael & Carlos Igartua del Valle. It consisted of three hundred acres of which approximately fifty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located on the west side of the road from Quebradillas to Lares about 1.5 km from Quebradillas.
Perseverando - Hatillo. Was established by Antonio Ledesma ca. 1875. Upon his death in 1882 it passed on to Sucn. A. Ledesma and in 1898 was acquired in full by one of his heirs, Fernando Ledesma. By 1900 its sugar factory had closed and for the next two years its sugarcane was processed at Hacienda Santa Rosa, from then on they were processed at Central Plazuela where they were transported by train. Fernando was part of the group that planned the establishment of Central Bayaney in 1910.
Placeres - Aguada. It was established by Juan López and had approximately nine hundred cuerdas. Upon the death of Juan, between 1872-1874 it was split among his heirs and ceased to operate. It was not until 1897 when owned by Juan Lavedezze that it began operating again, this time with two hundred ninety five cuerdas of which only twenty to thirty were planted with sugar cane. In 1898 it was destroyed by a fire and in 1899 destroyed again this time by Hurricane San Ciriaco, both times it was rebuilt. It was located in the old trail from Aguada to Aguadilla about 600m from the shore.
Progreso - San German. Was established in 1902 by Antonio Garcia with an oxen driven mill. It consisted of thirty acres of which twenty were dedicated to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Minillas along the road to Sabana Grande.
Providencia - Cabo Rojo. Was abandoned by 1890 when acquired by José Secundino Ramirez Vega who installed an oxen driven mill and a still. It consisted of forty four acres of which only twelve were planted with sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Miradero about 1 km from Cabo Rojo.
Providencia - San German. Was established by Francisco del Valle ca. 1872. After his death, in 1888 his widow sold it to Jose Maria Porrata Saavedra who married Ricarda Sambolin in 1899 and divorced her in 1903. In his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico, José Ferreras Pagán states the owner at the time was Ricarda Sambolin. It consisted of one hundred sixty acres of which between fifty and eighty were planted with sugarcane. It was located 2 km from San German along the trail to Duey in Barrio Sabana Grande Abajo.
Quemado - Ponce. Was a One hundred ninety five acre plantation acquired in 1803 by Catholic priest José Gutierrez del Arroyo ( -1850) who made it the largest hacienda in Ponce soon after its acquisition. Due to his transfer to the church in San Juan, Gutierrez del Arroyo left the administration of the hacienda ca. 1810 to Frenchman Pedro Gautier who successfully managed the plantation becoming half owner by the time of his death in 1823. After Gautier death, administration was in the hands of also Frenchman José Maria Latour. It was located near the mouth of the Potugués River.
Rábanos - Lares, Castañer Hnos.
Ranchera - Isabela. Was established by Francisco Antonio Pino Bello (1833-1893) the son of Spanish immigrants from the Canary Islands and his wife Cristina Corchado. Upon his death it was owned by the Sucn. Pino comprised of Francisco (1863-1897), Maria (1874-1941) and Antonia (1860-1927) Pino Corchado. My uncle Walter Negroni Lacroix was married to Milagros Gomez Boothby the grandaughter of Antonia Pino Corchado and her husband Dr. Gerónimo Gomez Cuebas. It consisted of four hundred seventy eight acres of which very few are used to grow sugarcane, it produced about forty "bocoyes" or hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually.
Recreo - San German. Was established during the first half of the 19th Century and was acquired from its original owners by Corsican immigrant Pascual Antongiorgi Paoli (abt 1830-bef 1894) who installed a steam mill. In 1890 was acquired by also Corsican immigrant Félix Pericchi Pericchi and subsequently owned by his nephew Juan Pericchi Ortiz (1867-1943) aka Juan Ortiz Pericchi. It consisted of four hundred forty acres of which two hundred were used to grow sugarcane. It was located south of San German, probably very close to where today is Urb. El Recreo. The Estero River ran through the property about 100m from where the factory was located.
Reforma - Camuy. Was established by Gregorio Rodriguez with an oxen driven mill with wooden grinders. Upon his death in 1872 it was inherited by his son Gregorio Rodriguez López who beginning in 1880 renovated and modernized some of its machinery but maintained the oxen driven mill albeit with steel grinders. It was located between Camuy and Quebradillas in Barrio Camuy Arriba.
Reforma - Isabela. Was owned by Mayagüez born Julio O. Abril Arroyo who according to José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico was also co-owner of Hacienda San Antonio in Bayamón with J. T. Silva.
Resolución - Lajas. Was originally a one thousand seven hundred seventy cuerdas estate established in Barrio Palmarejo by Dutch immigrant Manuel Pardo (1800- ) shortly after arriving in Puerto Rico. Pardo lived in Saint Thomas where he married Saint Thomas native Cecilia Sara Prito, he arrived in Puerto Rico ca. 1830. In 1875 was acquired by Pedro Santos Vivoni Battistini (1840-1903) and his wife Maria Concepción Ramirez de Arellano Ramirez de Arellano. It had a steam mill and produced about six hundred hogsheads of muscovado sugar from the three hundred of its one thousand acres planted with sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Palmarejo.
Retiro - Cabo Rojo. Was a three hundred thirty four acre plantation established by Mariano Ponce de León in 1820 with an oxen driven mill. At an unknown time it was acquired by the firm Saint Laurent & Arán.
Reunión - Guayama. Was established in 1850 by Elias Montaño, was acquired by José Gual Frias, a Catalonian immigrant who soon would become one of the leading proponents of technological modernization and the reorganization of production in Guayama's sugar industry during the 1880s. In 1891 it was acquired by the firm Amorós Hnos. It consisted of five hundred fifty acres of which five hundred were planted with sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Jobos about 3 km from Guayama.
Rocha - Moca, Natalia Echevarria.
Rubio - San Sebastian, Pablo Vidal.
Sábalos - Mayagüez. Was established by Volmar Bayron who operated an oxen driven mill. It was acquired by Calixto Delgado Acosta then by Buenaventura Hau in 1891 and in 1900 by Arturo Hau Salguero. At one point in time it was upgraded with a steam driven mill. It consisted of a total five hundred twenty five acres of its own plus leased land of which about seventy five were dedicated to grow sugarcane. It was located about 300m from the west side of the road to San German about 3 km from Mayagüez.
Sabanas - Camuy. Was established by Spanish immigrant from the Canary Islands Vicente Machado Amador (1842-1888), in 1888 it was owned by Pedro Machado. It consisted of one hundred fifty nine acres of which between fifty and seventy were planted with sugarcane. It was located about 300m south of the road to Aguadilla approximately 6 km from Camuy.
Saman - Cabo Rojo. Established in 1890 by Pablo Hernández Perez with an oxen driven mill. Consisted of one thousand four hundred acres of which between sixty and eighty were used to grow sugarcane. Was located in Barrio Llanos Costa.
San Agustin - Cabo Rojo, Alejandro Fernandez.
San Andrés - San Sebastian, M., J. & S. Cabrero.
San Antonio - Bayamón. Its origin dates back to the 17th Century. In 1856 Nicasio Villa sold it to Monsieur Jourdan. Jourdan leased it to Jose E. Berrios who in 1873 installed a steam powered mill. In 1891 it was acquired by J. T. Silva and J. O. Abril Arroyo. Was located northwest of the road from Bayamón to Rio Piedras approximately 2 km from Bayamón.
San Carlos - Cabo Rojo. Was established by Fernando Vélez with an oxen driven mill which was later replaced by a steam mill. It was acquired by Lulio P. Castro at an unknown date. It consisted of three hundred twenty acres of its own plus five hundred leased of which about four hundred were used to grow sugarcane. Was located southwest of the road from Mayagüez to San German near the iron bridge on the town limits between the Estero River and Rio Viejo.
San Francisco - Arecibo. Was acquired in 1883 by Gregorio Ledesma from Manuela Figueroa and others. By 1902 its was owned by Sucn. G. Ledesma whose representative was Manuel Ledesma. Its factory had already closed and its sugarcane processed at Central Oriente which was very close by.
San Francisco - San German. Was established by Francisco Torres prior to 1881 when it was acquired by Segundo Millán and his wife Maria Francisca Cuebas who operated it until its closure in 1905. It was located in Sector Minillas Parcelas of the Barrio Minillas. It had an oxen driven mill and owned a small amount of land. Reportedly, the smoke stack is still standing.
San Isidro - Rio Piedras, José Criado.
San Isidro - Aguadilla. Was established ca. 1855 by Juan R. Acevedo with an oxen driven mill. It was acquired by Enrique Hau in 1857 who installed a steam mill. In 1897 it was acquired by Ramón Méndez de Arcaya and in 1897 by José Francisco Esteves also owner of Hacienda Victoria listed herein. It consisted of one hundred fifty acres of which fifty were used to grow sugarcane. It was located at Km 4 on the road from Aguadilla to Lares.
San José aka Sambolin - San German. It was established by Francisco Atreciano and acquired in 1857 by Giaccomo Vincenso “Vicente” Sambolin Strixino (1814-1881) an Italian immigrant from Savona who in 1860 installed machinery acquired from the Glasgow firm Mirlees Tait. It consisted of seven hundred "cuerdas" of which two hundred fifty were planted with sugarcane producing some five hundred "bocoyes" of muscavado sugar. In 1882 it passed on by inheritance to Vicente's son Santiago Sambolin Montalvo (1839-1916). It was located on the road from San German to Mayaguez only ½ km from the town of San German accross the road from El Coto.
San José - Rio Piedras, Dioni Cátala.
San Patricio - Quebradillas. Was established in 1882 by Philadelphia native Lemuel Abraham, ca.1888 ownership was in the name of his son-in-law Miguel Marqués Omedo and by 1902 ownership was in the name of his grandson Atty. Lemuel Marqués Abrahams (1875-1935). In 1895 the oxen driven mill was replaced by a steam driven mill acquired from Aitken, McNeil & Co. in Glasgow. It was located on the east side of the road to Lares in Barrio San Antonio about 3 km from Quebradillas and 1 km from the road to Aguadilla.
San Pedro - Fajardo. Was established ca. 1860 by Juan Pedro Garcia and later owned by José Rivera and then by Luis Rivera and José Miguel Rivera Correa who also owned Hacienda Santa Rita in Fajardo. The old Hacienda San Antonio and Hacienda Carolina were acquired by José Miguel and made part San Pedro and Santa Rita. It was located southeast of Fajardo about 1 km from town. Same as Santa Rita, its lands were very close to Central Fajardo so it is safe to assume they were eventually acquired and became part of it.
San Rafael - Yauco, Sucn. Angela Franceschi.
Santa Ana - San Lorenzo, J., C. & Quintana Soto.
Santa Ana - Mayagüez. Was established by Victoriano Roselló with an oxen driven mill. José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografía de la Riquezas de Puerto Rico states that Roselló sold Santa Ana in 1861 to Diego Garcia Saint Laurent (1863-1904) which appears to be incorrect due to Garcia Saint Laurent's date of birth. It may have been sold to Garcia Saint Laurent's parents Spanish immigrant from Jerez de la Frontera José Maria Gracía and his wife Saint Thomas born Zulma Saint Laurent. Garcia Saint Laurent married Maria Teresa Mangual and a second time married Antonia Cabassa Texidor who after Garcia Saint Laurent's death married Mateo Fajardo Cardona owner of Central Eureka. It is reasonable to believe that Santa Ana was one of the properties involved in the litigation regarding the Sucn. Mateo Fajardo Cardona mentioned in Central Eureka's page. Santa Ana consisted of approximately eight hundred seventy five acres of which one hundred eighty two were used to grow sugarcane. It was located on the East of the Guanajibo River between the road to San Germán and the sea shore, closer to the latter.
Santa Ana - Yauco, Ana Maria Pacheco.
Santa Bárbara - Dorado. Was established ca. 1870 by Antonio Martorell with an oxen driven mill, later installing a steam mill acquired from the West Point Foundry in New York. By 1902 it had been acquired by Nemesio Guardiola Martinez (1827-1916) and consisted of eight hundred forty four acres of land of which some three hundred were planted with sugarcane. It was located on the west bank of the Rio de la Plata about 2 km from Dorado.
Santa Barbara - Carolina. Was located in Barrio Hoyo Mulas. Birgit Sonneson in her book Vascos en la Diaspora; La Emigracion de La Guaira a Puerto Rico, 1799-1830 states that upon the death of Andrés Cayetano Vizcarrondo Martinez de Andino on December 12, 1840 the distribution of his estate among his sons Antonio (1799- ) who had preceded him in death, José Bonifacio (1800-1883), Maria Asunción (1813-1883), Andrés Salvador (1804-1897), María Francisca (1806- ), Lorenzo (1808-1896), Margarita (1810-1887) and Juan Eugenio (1812-1881) Vizcarrondo Ortiz de Zarate was complicated. On September 13, 1845 Lorenzo sold his part in Hacienda Santa Bárbara and that of his brother Andrés Salvador who lived in Venezuela to Spanish immigrant from Guadiz, Granada José María Goenaga Arévalo (1814- ). Excessive debts and disagreemnet between the heirs resulted in the sale of Hacienda Santa Bárbara in 1849 to José Rufino Goenaga and José Lucas Aranzamendi, Felipe Coronado Martinez de Andino and José Esteban Goenaga. Eventually Felipe bought out his partners and became owner of Hacienda Santa Bárbara in a new partnership with his brother-in-law José Bonifacio Vizcarrondo Ortiz de Zarate which was dissolved in 1855. Bartolomé Elzaburu Nuñez (1818-1882) arrived in Puerto Rico from La Guaira, Venezuela in 1837 and on October 10, 1849 married Bárbara Cecilia Vizcarrondo Coronado (1829-1992), the daughter of José Bonifacio Vizcarrondo Ortiz de Zarate and Josefa Coronado Martinez de Andino and from that date on became the administrator of Hacienda Santa Bárbara. After the death of Felipe Coronado Martinez de Andino, on May 25, 1870 Bartolomé bought the participation from Felipe's only daughter Cecilia Coronado Dávila and her husband Juan Vicente Vizcarrondo Valdivieso (1842-1998) son of Juan Eugenio Viacarrondo Ortiz de Zarate and Spanish immigrant from Barcelona Mariana Valdivieso. Bartolomé then became owner together with his father-in-law. After the death of Bartolomé in 1882 and José Bonifacio in 1883 the hacienda remained in the Elzaburu family until ca. 1891. In 1886 the widow of Bartolomé entered into a five year lease of the four hundred fifty one cuerdas Hacienda Santa Bárbara with the firm Sobrinos de Ezquiaga then becoming part of the lands of Central Buena Vista.
Santa Elena - Guayama. Juan and Pedro Curet Magrá emigrated to Puerto Rico from the French island of Saint Barthélemy and received their naturalization papers in 1824. In the 1830s they established the agricultural firm Curet Hnos., firm that in November 1834 acquired the one hundred three acre sugar factory and plantation in Barrio Machete known as Hacienda Santa Elena from Juan Augusto Blondet and Juan Donzac Forestier (1775-1850). In 1843 Santa Elena was the most productive sugar factory in Guayama. In 1847 they acquired the one hundred forty seven acre Hacienda Teresa from Enrique McCobb and by 1849 had also acquired hacienda La Monserrate both in Barrio Arroyo. By 1872 Pedro and his wife had died and Hacienda Santa Elena was inherited by their daughters Catalina (1832-1898) and Josefa (1834-1898) Curet Losada. Catalina was married to Venezuelan immigrant Joaquin Villodas Garcia who has also been identified as owner of Hacienda Santa Elena.
Santa Isabel - Camuy. Its original owner was Francisco Perelló who in 1894 started planting sugarcane processed in its own oxen driven mill. It was sold in 1900 to Spanish immigrant from the Tenerife, Canary Islands, Jorge Machado Amador (1851-1923). Jorge was the brother of Juana Machado Amador, the wife of Juan Antonio Gonzalez, owner of Hacienda Juanita also in Camuy. By 1902 its processing plant was not in operation and its sugarcane was processed at Hacienda del Palmar. It was located on the road to San Sebstian about 8 km from Camuy.
Santa Isabel - San German. Was established in 1867 by José Miguel Lugo Sepúlveda with an oxen driven mill. In 1889 it was acquired by Juan de J. Nazario. It consisted of eighty four acres of which thirty were used to grow sugarcane.
Santa Maria - Fajardo. Was established in 1860 by Manuel Romero who sold it to José de Celis Aguilera (1828-1898) and Ramón Mendez de Cardona in 1868. It was Celis Aguilera who installed a steam mill in 1870. It consisted of nine hundred twelve acres of which six hundred were used to grow sugarcane. Was located east of the road to Naguabo, northeast of Ceiba.
Santa Rita - Fajardo. Was established ca. 1840 by Antonio Gotay, was later owned by Jesús Martinez, Federico Martinez and José Becerril Bermúdez. Upon José's death in 1887 ownership passed on to his daughter Dolores Becerril Torres (1856-1890) who was married to José Miguel Rivera Correa also owner of Hacienda San Pedro. It had a steam mill and was located about 1 km southeast of Central Fajardo, hence it is reasonable to assume it was acquired and became part of its lands.
Santa Rosa - Bayamón. Was owned by Manuel Garcia Maitín then by his widow Spanish immigrant from Valencia Beatriz Alós de los Angeles (1862-1904). It had an oxen driven mill and was located east of Bayamón on the south side of the road to Rio Piedras.
Santa Rosa - Isabela, Alfredo Koppish.
Santi Espíritu - Cabo Rojo. Established in 1873 by José Ramón Wiscovich with an oxen driven mill. Upon his death in 1885 it passed on to his son Julio Wiscovich Alarán who improved the property that was at that time abandoned. It consisted of one hundred acres all dedicated to pasture, it only processed sugarcane from nearby growers. Its location is not identified.
Santiago - Fajardo. Was established in 1838 by Juan Campos with an oxen driven mill which was upgraded in 1858 to a steam mill by its then owner Pedro Matta and his wife Elena de Celis Alquier (1858-1936) being it the first steam mill in the area. It was later acquired by Manuel Maria Baralt León (1844-1910) who was its owner in 1902. It consisted of one thousand acres of which three hundred fifty were used to grow sugarcane. The Fajardo River meandered through its lands.
Socorro - Camuy. Was established in 1885 by Manuel Amador who sold it to Francisco Hernandez who in turn sold it in 1901 to Mauricio Hernandez. It consisted of sixty acres of land of which fifty were used to grow sugarcane.
Soledad - Mayaguez, Jacobo Bravo.
Soledad - Dorado. Was established in 1892 by Pedro López with an oxen driven mill. It had only about twenty acres planted with sugarcane producing a mere fifty hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually. Was located north of Rio de la Plata on the trail from Maguayo to the southern side of the town of Dorado.
Tolonesa - Fajardo. Was established in 1840 by José Domec when it was named Hacienda Bello Sitio. It was acquired ca. 1843 by Spanish immigrant from Tolosa in the Basque Country Province of Gipuzkoa Santiago Veve and his wife Josefina Feraud who changed its name to Hacienda Tolonesa. It was later acquired by Jorge Bird León one of the incorporators of Central Fajardo. It consisted of three hundred seventy acres. It was located about 300m east of Ceiba, probably near or where Roosevelt Roads Naval Station was later located.
Unión - Fajardo. Was established ca. 1892 by Miguel Zalduondo Veve (1867-1919) and his wife Manuela Cerra Matta, who installed a steam mill. It was adjacent to the west to Haciena Margarita which was owned by his cousin Carolina Garcia Veve. Miguel was the son of Maria Victoria Veve Diaz daughter of Miguel Antonio Veve Feraud owner of Ingenio Concepción. It consisted of nine hundred twenty acres of land of which approximately four hundred were used to grow sugarcane plus an additional six hundred fifty acres of pasture land. It was located on the banks of the Luquillo River, the Pitahaya River intersected its lands.
Ursula - Juana Diaz, Sucn. J. Serrallés.
Vayas - Ponce. Was acquired in 1820 by Spanish immigrant from the Canary Islands Gregorio de Medina from its founder Esteban Domenech. Medina soon made Vayas one of the largest haciendas in Ponce. In 1833 he sold half of the hacienda to his son-in-law Arturo B. Rogers whose business was slave trade.
Vereda - Vega Baja. Was established by Francisco Otero Martinez in 1855 with an oxen driven mill. After his death, in 1884 then with a steam powered mill, the estate was in the name of one of his heirs Francisco Otero Ramirez (1841-1909). It consisted of eighty acres of its own of which fifty five were used to grow sugarcane. It was located in Barrio Rio Abajo approximately 2 km form town. By 1902 it factory had been closed and its sugarcane processed at the nearby Central Carmen.
Victoria - Aguadilla. According to José Ferreras Pagán in his 1902 book Biografia de las Riquezas de Puerto Rico, it was established by Juan de la Rosa who ca. 1850 installed a steam mill and at one time requested permission to silver plate the roof of his house. It was acquired in 1891 by José Francisco Esteves Soriano (1848-1915) and his wife Enedina Volkers. It consisted of eighty acres along the road from Aguadilla to San Sebastian, about 1 km from Aguadilla and its lands reached all the way to the sea shore.
Virginia - Isabela. Was an oxen driven mill established in 1884 by the Sucn. Chaves after the death of Spanish immigrant from the Canary Islands Gonzalo Garcia-Chaves who dedicated most of its lands to grow fruits and vegetables. The Sucn. Chaves was comprised of Juana (1868-1928), Zoilo (1864-1911), Juan Francisco (1861-1941) and Gonzalo (1857-1940) Garcia-Chaves Reveron. It consisted of approximately one hundred twenty five acres of which forty were used to grow sugarcane producing about thirty hogsheads of muscovado sugar annually. It was located along the "El Centro" road from Quebradillas to Aguadilla about 5 km west of the Guajataca River and about 4 km southeast of Isabela.
Vista Alegre - Ponce. Hacienda Vista Alegre had a steam mill and consisted of eight hundred acres of which approximately four hundred fifty were planted with sugarcane, it was located in Barrio Coto Laurel, east of the Inabón River, west of the Guayo River and north of what today is PR-52. After being a merchant in Ponce for several years and since 1845 owner of a coffee plantation in Barrio Real Anón named Hacienda Anón, in 1853 Spanish immigrant from San Felíu de Guixols, Sebastián Plaja Vidal (1819-1876) decided to venture into the sugar industry and acquired Hacienda Vista Alegre. Sabastián had a daughter, Antonia Plaja Acosta (1842-1904) who always remained in Puerto Rico and married Francisco Barnés Vallenilla (1836-ca.1904). Sebastian returned to live in Spain in 1868 leaving his daughter and son-in-law the administration of the haciendas. Hacienda Anón was acquired in 1891 by Temistocles Laguna ( -1901). The final disposition of Hacienda Vista Alegre is unknown but it may have been eventually was acquired by and formed part of Central Mercedita.